Volume 29, Issue 1

The CRISPR/Cas system’s discovery and execution offer great promise for the treatment of
human illnesses and the revolutionization of plant breeding. Despite the fact that CRISPR/Cas
system research is well advanced in the life sciences community, there are still considerable
barriers to effective delivery that must be overcome before effective gene editing can be
achieved. Consider characteristics like specificity, efficacy, and controlled expression while
deciding on a plan. Due to the discovery of innovative delivery systems, many of the
shortcomings of the CRISPR/Cas system’s translatability have been addressed. Because of the
rapid growth of delivery mechanisms, a successful translation of CRISPR/Cas technology into
medical and agricultural applications is vital, and substantial progress is predicted.

This study investigates the toxic effects of Alphamethrin (75 ppm) on the haematology of Clarias batrachus after 96 hours of exposure. The results showed a significant decrease in Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, Haemoglobin (Hb), platelets, Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), and Packed Cell Volume (PCV), while White Blood Cell (WBC)
count and immune cell populations (neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes) increased, indicating a stress response. These haematological changes suggest that Alphamethrin induces toxic effects, impairing normal blood function and triggering an immune response, ultimately leading to physiological stress in the fish.

We present a Physico-chemical approach to modeling the evolution of the universe based on a theory that space consists of energy quanta that constitute the cosmic fluid. The universe started from a subatomic size volume of an ideal gas at very high temperature and pressure. Upon expansion and cooling, phase transitions occurred resulting in the formation of fundamental particles, and matter. These nucleate and grow into stars, galaxies, and clusters through gravity. From the cooling curve of the universe and its thermodynamic phase diagram we made a correlation between dark energy and the energy of space. Using Friedmann’s equations, our model fits well WMAP data on cosmic composition with an equation of state parameter=-0.7. The expansion of the universe is better attributed to Quintessence than to a cosmological constant. Dark Matter is identified as a plasma form of matter similar to that which existed during the photon epoch. The thermodynamics of expansion of the universe was adiabatic and decelerating for most its first 7 billion years; it became accelerating upon the dominance of Dark Energy. The behavior of the observable universe fits well our Quantum Space model for a closed system, with a negative pressure for Dark Energy and provides a mechanism for the accelerated expansion due to gravitational attraction. The model is simpler than the Standard Model of Cosmology; it avoids the problem of singularity and does not need a theory of Inflation. The ultimate fate of the universe appears to be a Big Freeze.

Background: Malaria remains a major health problem worldwide with 35% of the human population being at risk of becoming infected. Methods: In this study lipid profile (HDL, LDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides) were measured in 90 subjects with P. falciparum infection and 30 apparently healthy individuals as controls. Laboratory diagnosis of subjects was confirmed by Giemsa staining method for thick blood film and plasma lipid levels were assayed by colorimetric methods. Results: Triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the test subjects (0.73±0.32mmol/l) with P. falciparum than in the control subjects (1.33±0.52mmol/l). In contrast, the levels of LDL were significantly higher in test subjects (2.01±0.89mmol/l) with P. falciparum infection when compared with the control subjects (1.73±1.09mmol/l). Total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol showed no statistically significant difference when test subjects were compared with the control. Conclusion: It was concluded from this study that P. falciparum infection induces significant changes in triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol level thereby supporting the hypothesis that P. falciparum infection affects lipid profile.

Introduction: A higher incidence of hypokalemia was observed in women, in patients with hypertension, and in those on chronic diuretic treatment. Objectives of the study: The main objective of the study is to analyse the hypokalemia in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Material and methods: This descriptive analysis was conducted in District Head Quarter Teaching Hospital, Sahiwal during November 2018 to June 2019. The data was collected with the permission of ethical committee of hospital. The data was collected from 100 male and female patients with myocardial infarction. We determine the impact of plasma potassium concentration for patient survival following myocardial infarction. Results: The data was collected from 100 patients of MI. Mean age of male patients was found to be 64.12±12.34 and female patients was 46.21±10.24. There was statistically significant decrease in serum sodium and potassium levels in study group among both the ages compared to normal healthy control group. Serum sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium levels were significantly lower in the AMI patients and magnesium levels were slightly raised among cases than controls. Conclusion: It is concluded that reduction in sodium level was assessed only in patients with AMI as compared to healthy persons. Estimation of serum electrolyte is of utmost importance for diagnosis and prognosis of AMI.

Squid and cuttle fish rely for defense on the ejection of dark colored ink. The cephalopod ink contains main constituent as melanin (pigment) besides proteins, lipids, Glycosaminoglycans etc, which is available in varying concentrations in variety of species. Different cephalopod species produce different color ink. Octopus, squid and cuttle fish produce black, blue-black and sepia brown colour inks. Squid and cuttlefish possess ink sac in their intestine which is non-edible and discarded as waste. The ink sac may contain about 45 to 75 grams of ink. The ink possess anti-bacterial, anti-radiation, anti-oxidant and anti-retroviral properties. Application of cephalopod’s ink on cotton fabrics develops colour and imparts medicinal and protective finishes. The review of various research works reveals that there is a better scope for dyeing wool and silk material using sepia melanin.

The CRISPR/Cas system’s discovery and execution offer great promise for the treatment of human illnesses and the revolutionization of plant breeding. Despite the fact that CRISPR/Cas system research is well advanced in the life sciences community, there are still considerable barriers to effective delivery that must be overcome before effective gene editing can be achieved. Consider characteristics like specificity, efficacy, and controlled expression while deciding on a plan. Due to the discovery of innovative delivery systems, many of the shortcomings of the CRISPR/Cas system’s translatability have been addressed. Because of the rapid growth of delivery mechanisms, a successful translation of CRISPR/Cas technology into medical and agricultural applications is vital, and substantial progress is predicted.

The benefit of parallel air conditioning dc control transmission for the improvement of transient and dynamic solidness and clammy out motions have been set up. Present paper proposes a synchronous air conditioning dc power stream plot through a similar transmission line to get the benefits of parallel air conditioning dc transmission to improve security and damping motions just as to control the voltage profile of the line by controlling the complete responsive power stream. Just the essential thought is proposed alongside the plausibility study utilizing rudimentary research center model. The principle item is to underline the likelihood of synchronous air conditioning dc transmission with its inborn preferred position of intensity stream control. Control strategies dependent on particular consonant disposal beat width regulation (PWM) methods with energy unit framework offer the least conceivable number of exchanging advances and improve the voltage level in SAF transmission framework. This element likewise brings about the most reduced conceivable degree of converter exchanging misfortunes. Therefore, they are appealing systems for the voltage-source-converter-(VSC) based high-voltage dc (HVDC) control transmission systems.

The CRISPR/Cas system’s discovery and execution offer great promise for the treatment of human illnesses and the revolutionization of plant breeding. Despite the fact that CRISPR/Cas system research is well advanced in the life sciences community, there are still considerable barriers to effective delivery that must be overcome before effective gene editing can be achieved. Consider characteristics like specificity, efficacy, and controlled expression while deciding on a plan. Due to the discovery of innovative delivery systems, many of the shortcomings of the CRISPR/Cas system’s translatability have been addressed. Because of the rapid growth of delivery mechanisms, a successful translation of CRISPR/Cas technology into medical and agricultural applications is vital, and substantial progress is predicted.