Volume 30, Issue 2

The enzymatic activity of amylase and pectinase in the wastes of apple juice after ultrafiltration Was studied it was found the in the waste a significant amount of enzymes remains that retain their activity, which made it possible to assume their repeated use after regeneration.

In the present world, the growth and development of the urban areas are on rapid gait in most of the regions. In the universal trends, most of the cities which are expending with the passage of time to meet the compulsion of continuously increasing in population, which have basically concern with the negative impacts on the environmental. In the concept of urban sprawl (US), it is mostly observed that the rapid increase in population growth leads to the diminution of fertile lands for agriculture and forest lands in the rural areas/suburban areas andbasically affects the existence environment. In this study, it basically shows the sprawl area of invulnerable surfaces and their spatio-temporal fluctuation have been studied for Jalandhar city over a period of 28 years, i.e. 1991– 2018. The evaluation urban sprawl is necessary for adequate planning of urban areas and finding the solution of environmental issues. Like as most of the fast growing cities in India, Jalandhar is the NRI city along with the presence of sports good industries and medical hub of Punjab. Itis the business hub in Punjab (located in the centre of Punjab), has accomplished with broadly urban sprawl sparked by the increase in total population in the city over the past few decades (mainly from 1991).Statistical techniques of matrix and digital image processing/classification access have endorsed to calibrate the urban sprawl and its spatio-temporal characteristics. For this study purpose, satellite imageries acquired from different sensors, like as Landsat TM and ETM+. Re-densification of outskirts of a town, getting well their walk ability keeping out of change in land use and mixing the use with right working well agreement measure are some of the efforts which can be made in the direction of to control the all over the place in comfort. Census 2011 shows the total population of Punjab is 277, 04,236 in which rural population is 17316800 (62.51 per cent) and urban population is 10,387436 (37.49 per cent). Total population of Punjab had increased from 2.45 to 2.77 crore from 2001 to 2011. The share of urban population of Punjab increased from 33.9 per cent to 37.5 per cent from 2001 to 2011 census. According to the census data, all the districts in Punjab had shown a rise in the percentage of population in urban areas. Two thirds population of Punjab is still living in rural areas. Almost half of the Punjab’s urban population is living in four districts namely, Ludhiana (59.16 per cent), Mohali (54.76 per cent), Amritsar (53.58 per cent) and Jalandhar (52.93 per cent) [4].The continue urban growth and development, which have resulted with increase in the urban population from 5,09,510 in 1991 to 8,68,929 in 2011 [1]. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of urban population in Jalandhar was 2.3% in 1961-71, 3.4% in 1971-81, 1.9% in 1981- 91, 3.5 % in 1991-2001 and 2.0% in 2001-11 [4].This quickly moving rate of increase in Jalandhar MC area + Out growth is mainly because of continue migration of people from rural areas and other parts of the country and from smaller towns to bigger cities in look for of better use chances and better quality of standard of living. This continues migration of population basically resulted in loss of fertile farming lands, open green spaces and loss top water bodies.

Cryptography is the science of converting confidential information into unintelligible format. To provide security and authentication to the data, many algorithms and techniques were evolved, in which the cryptographic techniques remains best. For the encryption process, Images were considered as the best source to maintain security. The usage of image is good solution for providing better communication. Matrix operations are widely used in many cryptography algorithms to solve the complexity in means of speed and time. The proposed work of this research is a new image encryption method for matrix scrambling technique which is composite of multifaceted composition. The encryption for the images in this research work consists of the division of image into matrix and then, the elementary row and column operations are considered. The proposed method strength is analyzed by various parameters. The combination of basic matrix form and elementary row operations yields good results and better image encryption methods compared to existing works.

In today’s modern and digital world, if the fuel indicator in the vehicles is made digital, it will help us to know the exact amount of fuel available/filled in the tank. It can also help in knowing if the fuel dispensed is adulterated or not. The above fact is considered in our project. The exact amount of fuel available as well as presence of adulterant in the tank will be displayed digitally by making the use of Ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic sensor is a non-contact sensor, with low power requirement and good accuracy. It overcomes the problems faced by other gauges and is suitable for the non-contact measurement of the fuel inside the tank. The device measures quantity and quality dispersed using simple ultrasonic waves. Hence, this device when installed prevents the customer from getting cheated.

Forensics is a constantly improvising field which can be said as an application of science to the legal process. Digital forensics is a division of forensic science detailing the recovery and investigation of material found in digital devices, frequently in relation to computer based crimes. The term digital forensics was initially used as a synonym for computer forensics and has extended to wrap investigation of all devices capable of storing digital data. Branches of forensic science are embedded in every branch of science and many other aspects of Digital era because of its capability to uncover and present objective evidence from varied areas such as business systems, chemistry, ecosystems and accounting. Forensics is an integral part of the judicial system. This paper reviews the basics of digital forensics with an emphasis on computer forensics.

Software Configuration Management (SCM) deals with various changes and evolution in the software. Each software comprises of thousands of versions. Individual versions need to be stored again and again. Every software keeps on evolving so we need to keep track on each evolution. Software engineer uses mining techniques to store and retrieve these kinds of data’s. This research paper deals with the design, and implementation of an efficient storage management for SCM repositories that facilitates a developer’s to store revisions of software changes using Map reduce Techniques. The main objective of this research work is at making the storing and retrieval process of SCM repositories easier. Storage of SCM repository keeps on increasing. SCM repository needs a processing technique to process those data before storing. Map reduce Technique is used to process those data in Divide and Conquer manner. It stores source code in the format of the graph so storing and retrieval process is much easier. It, in turn, reduces the storage whole SCM repository. Thus, an efficient storage system for SCM repositories is achieved and a prototype is discussed in this paper.

Encryption is a common technique to uphold image security. With the ever increasing growth of multimedia applications, security is an important issue in communication and storage of images encryption is one of the ways to ensure security. Image encryption techniques try to convert original image to another image that is hard to understand, to keep the image confidential between users, in other word, it is essential that nobody could get to know the content without a key for decryption. In this paper an advanced multilevel based encryption technique is used to encrypt the images. When intruders try to access the image content it will be more complex for double encryption. That is the strength of this proposed method.

A dominating set D of a graph G(V,E) is called metro dominating set G if for every pair of vertices u,v, there exists a vertex w in D such that d(u,w) ≠ d(v,w). A metro dominating set D is called strongly chromatic metro dominating set if for every vertex v∈ D is from the same color class. The minimum cardinality strongly chromatic metro dominating set is called strongly chromatic metro domination number and is denoted by SC𝛾_𝛽. In this paper we find strongly chromatic metro domination number of path, cycles and square of a path.