Volume 35, Issue 1

Purpose: The study investigates the price discovery process of Indian metals on the Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX) by analyzing the lead-lag dynamics between spot and futures/options contracts. The objective is to assess how derivative markets influence metal prices, offering insights for traders, policymakers, and investors. Methodology: The research uses Granger causality tests and impulse response analysis to examine the directional relationships between futures/options and spot prices. Data from 2014 to 2023 for major Indian metals traded on MCX is analyzed. Granger causality identifies the direction of influence, while impulse response measures the effect of futures market shocks on spot prices. Discussion: The findings demonstrate a significant lead-lag relationship, with futures markets leading spot price movements. Granger causality shows a unidirectional effect from futures to spot prices, and impulse response analysis confirms the propagation of futures market shocks. Conclusion: The study confirms that futures and options markets are pivotal in the price discovery process for Indian metals on MCX. Originality: The research integrates Granger causality and impulse response analysis to provide a novel, comprehensive understanding of price discovery dynamics in Indian metal markets.

In any democratic state, there exists the majority rule with minority representation. Indian society is largely a plural one that is marked by multiple religious identities. Religion influences its society, state and governments accordingly. And so is the case with its political process. As much as religion influences political process, that much impact is discernible on the political life of its people.  Certainly, the state is expected to balance the interests of diverse religious communities. This paper is aimed at exposing the fluctuating secular trends in the context of how Indian political process has been affected in recent times. While secularism has been interpreted differently in different countries, its meaning has got multiple implications for the religious minorities in India. Some of its implications stem from the majoritarian bents in the political process that lead to majority-minority dichotomy. This dichotomy has had far reaching implications on the minority groups like the Muslims in the recent times. This paper focuses on the apprehensions of such minority groups in the context of changing secular trends in India.

The structural, morphological, optical and electrical studies of Cu doped Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles which were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The PXRD results confirmed that the synthesized material is polycrystalline ZnO and the average crystallite size of the Cu doped ZnO were determined by using the Scherrer’s formula. Various functional groups were analyzed by using the FTIR analysis. Surface morphological and chemical compositions were analyzed using SEM and EDX. The optical properties were carried out using transmission and Photoluminescence spectrum. The dielectric properties of the Cu doped ZnO nanoparticles dielectric constant, dielectric loss, AC conductivity were analyzed in various frequencies and temperatures at specific conditions.

A lot of research has been done in the field of cloud computing in computing domain. For its effective performance, variety of algorithms has been proposed. The role of virtualization is significant and its performance is dependent on VM Migration and allocation. More of the energy is absorbed in cloud; therefore, the utilization of numerous algorithms is required for saving energy and efficiency enhancement in the proposed work. In the proposed work, green algorithm has been considered with meta heuristic algorithms, ABC (Artificial Bee colony .Every server has to perform different or same functions. A cloud computing infrastructure can be modelled as Primary Machines a set of physical Servers/host PM1, PM2, PM3… PMn. The resources of cloud infrastructure can be used by the virtualization technology, which allows one to create several VMs on a physical server or host and therefore, lessens the hardware amount and enhances the resource utilization. The computing resource/node in cloud is used through the virtual machine. To address this problem, data centre resources have to be managed in resource -effective manner for driving Green Cloud computing that has been proposed in this work using Virtual machine concept with ABC and Neural Network optimization algorithm. The simulations have been carried out in CLOUDSIM environment and the parameters like SLA violations, Energy consumption and VM migrations along with their comparison with existing techniques will be performed.

Deep web data extraction is the process of extracting a set of data records and the items that they contain from a query result page. Such structured data can be later integrated into results from other data sources and given to the user in a single, cohesive view. Domain identification is used to identify the query interfaces related to the domain from the forms obtained in the search process. The surface web contains a large amount of unfiltered information, whereas the deep web includes high-quality, managed and subject-specific information. The deep web grows faster than the surface web because the surface web is limited to what is easily found by search engines. The deep web covers domains such as education, sports and the economy. Deep web contents are accessed by queries submitted to web databases and the returned data records are enwrapped in dynamically generated web pages (they will be called deep web pages in this paper). Extracting structured data from deep web pages is a challenging problem due to the underlying intricate structures of such pages. For this large set of web databases show that the proposed vision-based approach is highly effective for deep web data extraction.

Water quality assessment has been done in the following research article to judge the parameters responsible for the high conductivity of river Ganga, speciallyin the season of Spring at Diamond Harbour, West Bengal.For the presentstudy, six parameters at ten locations from Sultanpur, (Uttarakhand) to Diamond Harbour, (West Bengal) over a period of one year (2023) were considered.The data was grouped as per four major seasons of the year, Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn. The results forpotential of hydrogen (pH), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Fecal Coliform (FC) and Total Coliforms (TC) were almost similar for all four seasons but Conductivity showed a very high value (8620 micro mho per cm) much above permissible limits (2250 micro mho per cm) as prescribed by CPCB at Diamond Harbour, West Bengal, especially in the season of Spring. Any methodology provided for water treatment requires the basic criteria of identification of pollution origin, hence, further analysis in Spring season was considered to find the exact element responsible for such high conductivity.Fifteen more parameters were monitored for Spring season with data from WBPCB at Diamond Harbour . Chloride ion showed the highest concentration (629mg/l) in Spring where as standard prescribed value of Chloirde is 250mg/l. The source of this chloride ion is due to intrusion of sea water at Diamond Harbour.Future scope of the work lies in enhancing the water treatment plants at Diamond Harbour with nanofilters or electrodialysis units to filter out Chloride content, before water is used further for any type of consumption, because, such high conductivity is harmful for both aquatic and human life.

Education especially Higher Education builds capacity in our people. It enables people not merely to subsist, but also provides the basis for a high quality of life. It is widely recognized that higher education promotes socialandeconomic development by enhancing human and technical capabilities of society. Education provides one with the greatest opportunities of becoming successful in the modern society. The Indian literacy rate grew from 12 percent at the end of British period 1947 to 74.04 per cent in 2011. Literacy is an important segment of Tamil Nadu economy and it is one of the most literate states in India. Tamil Nadu is third in student enrolment to Higher Education after Uttar Pradesh andMaharashtra. Literacy rate in Tamil Nadu has been upward trend and is 80.1 per cent, which is higher than the national average. The male literacy stands at 86.77 per cent and female literacy is at 73.14 percent. At present, Tamil Nadu has 59 universities (28 private deemed universities, 23 state public university, 4 Institute of National importance, 2 central universities, one government deemed universities, 1 state open university), 476 (in 2021), 4 medical colleges (in 2021) 37 government medical colleges (modern medicine) 0, 2 dental colleges, 7 Government medical colleges (AYUSH) and 1980 arts & science colleges (in 2021). Education is the basic right of every citizen in India. Mainly, education forms thesignificance of inclusive growth of the country. This study explores the historical growth of higher educationin Tamil Nadu.

This study delves into the transformative impact of hybrid and flipped classroom training methodologies on Learning and Development (L&D) practices within organizations. With the advent of artificial intelligence, particularly GenAI, the dynamics of learning have evolved significantly. This study investigates how these innovative approaches influence learning outcomes, engagement levels, and knowledge retention. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis, this paper aims to provide insights into the effectiveness of hybrid and flipped classroom training models augmented by GenAI in enhancing organizational learning dynamics.

The “Biometric Based Voting System” project presents an innovative approach to modernizing electoral processes by addressing key vulnerabilities in traditional voting methods, such as voter impersonation, multiple voting, and fraudulent activities. The system leverages fingerprint-based biometric authentication integrated with Aadhaar data to ensure that only eligible voters can participate in elections. Using the R307 fingerprint sensor in conjunction with the Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller, the system captures and verifies fingerprints in real-time. This secure and efficient voter verification process is complemented by a user-friendly web interface, which streamlines interactions for both voters and administrators. The proposed system enhances the accuracy and transparency of elections while significantly reducing manual errors and operational inefficiencies. Initial tests have demonstrated high reliability in fingerprint recognition, reinforcing the potential of biometric technology to safeguard democratic processes. Designed for scalability, the system can be deployed at various levels, from local to national elections, offering a robust solution to improve voter confidence and trust in electoral outcomes.

This study aims to analyze the role of sociocultural activities during Hanami in building community cohesion within Japan’s urban environments, with particular focus on collective practices, symbolic exchanges, and group identity dynamics. To explore this objective, we pose the following research question: How do the cultural conditions associated with Hanami strengthen community cohesion in Japanese cities, and how do these interacting factors enhance its social impact?, the research employs a mixed-methods approach (qualitative-quantitative), enabling a comprehensive analysis that combines the depth of qualitative data with the objectivity of quantitative measures. We conducted surveys with 100 participants selected through convenience sampling, a non-probability method, to collect diverse perspectives on the subject. Findings reveal unanimous consensus among respondents: flowering cherry trees (sakura) significantly impact both social and environmental well-being. From a social perspective, they serve as powerful catalysts for collective interaction, as their blooming season stimulates gatherings, celebrations, and community connections during Hanami. The study demonstrates that Hanami functions as a social cohesion mechanism in Japanese urban areas through interrelated factors including tradition preservation, strengthened group identities, and the creation of communal spaces. These findings provide valuable evidence about how cultural practices can adapt to modern urban contexts while maintaining their cohesive social function.

Abstract on Influence of Chatbots in Enhancing Guest Experience in the Hospitality Industry in Bangalore

Background
The hospitality industry in Bangalore has seen a significant transformation with the integration of technology, mainly through the use of chatbots. These AI-driven tools are designed to facilitate communication and streamline services, offering personalized assistance to guests around the clock. By leveraging natural language processing and machine learning, chatbots can handle inquiries, make reservations, and provide recommendations, ultimately enhancing customer satisfaction and operational efficiency. Their ability to engage with guests in real-time not only improves response times but also allows for a more tailored experience, catering to individual preferences and needs. As a result, hotels and restaurants can foster stronger relationships with their guests, leading to increased loyalty and repeat business.

Problem Statement
Identifying the challenges faced by establishments in integrating chatbot technology effectively into their existing systems is crucial for maximizing its potential benefits. Achieving effective integration may include conducting thorough assessments of current systems, investing in staff training programs emphasizing the importance of chatbot functionality, and implementing user-friendly interfaces that encourage customer engagement. Addressing issues such as compatibility with legacy systems, staff training requirements, and ensuring a seamless user experience is essential for successful implementation. Successful integration of chatbot technology can significantly streamline operations and enhance service delivery, but it requires a strategic approach to overcome these challenges.

Methods
Virtual assistants, also known as chatbot technology, is getting more prominent and is applied widely in many industries. The use of chatbots, advantages, disadvantages, and future implications shoulbe further understood; particularly from a technology provider’s perspective.

ABSTRACT: Juana de Ibarbourou (1892-1979) was a great Uruguayan poet and writer who dedicated her life to literature. From an early age, she had the imaginary word as an insignia, a symbol of a life full of images of nature and memories of the most natural and happy childhood among Latin American writers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. How could she not be, having written her childhood memoirs in Chico Carlo (1944)? How can you miss the freshness of El cántaro fresco (1920), a piece of natural and Creole prose published a year after Las lenguas de diamante (1919)? The aim of this short essay is to show Ibarbourou’s act of writing from the perspective of her relationship with childhood in her children’s books: how did she write from the idea that every library – especially the imaginary one – is the engine of literary creation? In which languages did she read and with which artists of the word was she connected during her literary life?

ABSTRACT: The structural, morphological, optical and electrical studies of Cu doped Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles which were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The PXRD results confirmed that the synthesized material is polycrystalline ZnO and the average crystallite size of the Cu doped ZnO were determined by using the Scherrer’s formula. Various functional groups were analyzed by using the FTIR analysis. Surface morphological and chemical compositions were analyzed using SEM and EDX. The optical properties were carried out using transmission and Photoluminescence spectrum. The dielectric properties of the Cu doped ZnO nanoparticles dielectric constant, dielectric loss, AC conductivity were analyzed in various frequencies and temperatures at specific conditions.

ABSTRACT: A lot of research has been done in the field of cloud computing in computing domain. For its effective performance, variety of algorithms has been proposed. The role of virtualization is significant and its performance is dependent on VM Migration and allocation. More of the energy is absorbed in cloud; therefore, the utilization of numerous algorithms is required for saving energy and efficiency enhancement in the proposed work. In the proposed work, green algorithm has been considered with meta heuristic algorithms, ABC (Artificial Bee colony .Every server has to perform different or same functions. A cloud computing infrastructure can be modelled as Primary Machines a set of physical Servers/host PM1, PM2, PM3… PMn. The resources of cloud infrastructure can be used by the virtualization technology, which allows one to create several VMs on a physical server or host and therefore, lessens the hardware amount and enhances the resource utilization. The computing resource/node in cloud is used through the virtual machine. To address this problem, data centre resources have to be managed in resource -effective manner for driving Green Cloud computing that has been proposed in this work using Virtual machine concept with ABC and Neural Network optimization algorithm. The simulations have been carried out in CLOUDSIM environment and the parameters like SLA violations, Energy consumption and VM migrations along with their comparison with existing techniques will be performed.

ABSTRACT: A lot of research has been done in the field of cloud computing in computing domain. For its effective performance, variety of algorithms has been proposed. The role of virtualization is significant and its performance is dependent on VM Migration and allocation. More of the energy is absorbed in cloud; therefore, the utilization of numerous algorithms is required for saving energy and efficiency enhancement in the proposed work. In the proposed work, green algorithm has been considered with meta heuristic algorithms, ABC (Artificial Bee colony .Every server has to perform different or same functions. A cloud computing infrastructure can be modelled as Primary Machines a set of physical Servers/host PM1, PM2, PM3… PMn. The resources of cloud infrastructure can be used by the virtualization technology, which allows one to create several VMs on a physical server or host and therefore, lessens the hardware amount and enhances the resource utilization. The computing resource/node in cloud is used through the virtual machine. To address this problem, data centre resources have to be managed in resource -effective manner for driving Green Cloud computing that has been proposed in this work using Virtual machine concept with ABC and Neural Network optimization algorithm. The simulations have been carried out in CLOUDSIM environment and the parameters like SLA violations, Energy consumption and VM migrations along with their comparison with existing techniques will be performed.

ABSTRACT: On 1st July 2012 SOE (State-Owned Enterprises)become the Value Added Tax (VAT) collector. According to the regulation of the Ministher of Finance No.85/PMK.03/2012 about the appointment of the State Owned Enterprises to collect, deposit and reporting Value Added Tax (VAT) and Sales Tax on Luxurious Goods, and precedures for collecting, depositing and reporting. The purpose of this research is to determine the difference between SOE as a Value Added Tax collector and not as a Value Added Tax collector.The object of this research is PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III cabang Benoa. The data analysis in this research is to analyze the calculation and reportig of VAT before being VAT collector and when it became VAT collector.The result of this research it is known that are the application of the value added tax on PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III Cabang Benoa before becoming tax collector is charged directly by fiskus and has official assessment system and as a PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III Cabang Benoa has a self assessment system whereby PT Pelabuahan Indonesia III Cabang Benoa became ILL wapu. Differnce in PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III Cabang Benoa as a collector, and the collector Is a time before becoming a collector has aself just my assessment system whereas before becoming a collector has official assessment system. Tax eceipt when it became a collector of VAT using duplicate counts 3 before becoming a collector only uses 2 of the double. For SSp before becoming a duplicate while using 4 collector as a collector to use duplicate.

ABSTRACT: This paper describes the technique to recover from the failures that occurs in Wireless Mesh networks(WMN) like node failure, link failures etc , due to channel interference, dynamic obstacles or application bandwidth demands. This paper present an Autonomous network Reconfiguration System (ARS) that enables a multi-radio WMN to autonomously recover from local link failures to preserve network performance. ARS has been implemented and evaluated extensively on our IEEE 802.11-based WMN test-bed as well as through ns-2-based simulation . By using channel and radio diversities in WMNs, ARS generates necessary changes in local radio and channel assignments in order to recover from failures. Next ARS’s on-line reconfigurability allows for real time failure detection and network reconfiguration, thus improving channel-efficiency by 92%.. Our evaluation results demonstrated the effectiveness of ARS in recovering from local link-failures and in satisfying application’s diverse QoS demands.

Objective: In this intervention study, we investigated the benefits of nonaction videogames on measures of selective attention and visuospatial working memory (WM) in young adults. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight young adults were randomly assigned to the experimental group or to the active control group. The experimental group played 10 nonaction adaptive videogames selected from Lumosity, whereas the active control group played two nonadaptive simulation-strategy games (SimCity and The Sims). Participants in both groups completed 15 training sessions of 30 minutes each. The training was conducted in small groups. All the participants were tested individually before and after training to assess possible transfer effects to selective attention, using a Cross-modal Oddball task, inhibition with the Stroop task, and visuospatial WM enhancements with the Corsi blocks task. Results: Participants improved videogame performance across the training sessions. The results of the transfer tasks show that the two groups benefited similarly from game training. They were less distracted and improved visuospatial WM. Conclusion: Overall, there was no significant interaction between group (group trained with adaptive nonaction videogames and the active control group that played simulation games) and session (pre- and post-assessment). As we did not have a passive nonintervention control group, we cannot conclude that adaptive nonaction videogames had a positive effect, because some external factors might account for the pre- and post-test improvements observed in both groups.

Abstract Cyberbullying in the adolescent years can have a devastating impact on mental health and the social and emotional development of teens. Responses to the issue have been widespread. While many whole school programmes include ele ments such as role modelling, few interventions appear to use a participatory ap proach with adolescents. This chapter considers the use of narrative based partici patory approaches that capture and utilise the student voice. It is suggested that these approaches be added as creative, complementary components of whole school anti-bullying programmes. Drawing on Turner’s concept of liminality and Boal’s Theatre of the Oppressed model, we propose a creative process that places the adolescent voice at the centre of anti-bullying initiatives and advocate for a re turn to the development of more bottom-up approaches to school-based interven tions. In line with United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) Articles 12 and 13, we suggest that adopting a participatory approach that invites and supports adolescents to tell their own stories is an opportunity for schools to give voice to students and to consult them in making decisions about themselves. The practice of drawing on students’ own stories and personal ac counts can have a cathartic and empowering effect on participants. We contend that such an approach may provide more powerful points of entry to discussions on cyberbullying, and ultimately a more transformative experience for partici pants, than that offered by approaches that preclude the student voice or by partic ipatory approaches that require less creative input and less social and emotional investment.

The development of technology has spurred after the catastrophic icing event when large numbers of low, medium and high voltage overhead power lines (OHL) collapsed particularly in Slovenia in the beginning of 2014. Development and financial incentives for the construction of the DEMO were obtained from European development funds, the Horizon 2020 project called “FLEXITRANSTORE”. The DEMO was constructed on OHL 110 kV Kleče -Logatec single circuit overhead line equipped with ACSR 240/40 mm2 conductors. On the OHL two devices OTLM (On-line transmission line monitoring) SMART and one weather station were installed on two towers. The OTLM SMART software was updated with inclination measurement and with new software features for determining additional mechanical load of conductors due to ice or wet snow. Additional mechanical load is determined based on the difference between measured angle and mathematically determined angle by model. The combination and synchronization between algorithms, weather service and measuring equipment is the key of successful operation. EU H2020 financed project “FLEXITRANSTORE” was launched by the end of 2017 to develop a cross-country co-operation, with objective to improve anti-icing and de-icing solutions. A test equipment was installed to demonstrate the capabilities of this new technologies on the DSO grid of Electro Ljubljana (ELJ). This paper will present the positive experience and results from BME and C&G, partners of DEMO, after the first winter 2018/2019 after polygon was established.

In 2019 the authors of the paper realized the empiric survey based on the project “KEGA“ in Slovakia. The goal of this survey was to assess study programs focused on enterprise risk management in European countries. The main aim of the paper is to present the results of the above-mentioned research and to propose the concept of a new study program at the Faculty of Security Engineering of the University of Zilina in Žilina (FSE UNIZA). The level of diversity and significance (importance) of subjects in risk management study programs at universities in the European countries were analysed and evaluated. Based on the achieved results, the concept of key subjects in the new study program Risk Management (Prevention of enterprise crises) was proposed. The proposed concept of study subjects is completed by an extended application of software support in risk management education and respects world trends. The proposed solutions present a contribution for the FSE UNIZA to belong to the advanced European educational institutions through the quality of its educational process and address more potential students, too. The results of this paper are usable also for other universities with similar study programs in Slovakia and the European countries.